Nursing Research Article

Lung cancer has been named the second leading killer of American women second to heart disease.   It is estimated that 20% of deaths among women occur from lung cancer (medinet.com).   According to the American cancer society, lung cancer accounts for up to 28 % of mortality rates among men.   The risk factors associated to lung cancer are smoking of cigarettes, marijuana, exposure to talcum and radioactive gases and asbestos and so on. These compounds are said to trigger growth of malignant cells thus causing cancer (medinet.com). Melissa Conrad Stoppler, MD a board certified Anatomic pathologist based in US in her article lung cancer (medicine Net.com) points out that lung cancer is a life threatening cancer that spreads very fast to other parts of the body and is a very difficult cancer to treat.   She clears up the myth that lung cancer only occurs among smokers.   Non-smokers are also prone to developing lung cancer and of the 170,000 lung cancer deaths in America, 10% of them are non-smokers. Of these deaths among non-smokers, not all the cases can be traced to any identifiable risk factors but dominantly, passive smoking can be underpinned to be the major causal factor for lung cancer among non-smokers.   Melissa also tries to shed light or the group that is most prone to suffer from lung cancer.   She purports that smokers, Asbestos workers, the elderly, passive smokers, people exposed to workplace chemicals and residents of air pollution prone zones. According to the American cancer society, 70% of people suffering from cancer are elderly say over 65 years and only 3% under 45 years. Melissa points out that in the 1930, lung cancer was a rare disease however, with the rise of tobacco smoking and pollution, the disease cases have increased unprecedented.   The number of deaths among tobacco smokers is highest among cigarette smoker as opposed to cigar and pipe smokers. The risk getting lung cancer further compounds with each increase of cigarette smoked.   Defined in medical terms as pack-years (the number to packs of cigarette smoked per day in a year), Melissa suggest that the higher the number of pack years, the higher the risk of developing lung cancer.   To be precise she elaborates that out of seven people who smoke 2 to 3 packs of cigarettes in a day, one will die of lung cancer.   (medicineNet.com). This is because cigarette contains carcinogenic compounds that trigger abnormal cell growth in the lungs and thus cancer.   It then seems that lung cancer is a disease for smokers, or at least that is according to common misconceptions.   Melissa in her article submits that research findings indicates people who share living space or work stations have a 24% higher chance of developing cancer as   evidence by 3000 lung cancer deaths pinned to passive smoking. Further, she brings to mind that other risk factors associated with lung cancer are rare but combined with smoking, (passive or active) the risk of developing cancer is further compounded.   Evidence shows that Asbestos workers who smoke had a 50 to 90 times possibility of developing lung cancer in preference to the five times possibility accrued to non-smokers. The case is the same for workers exposed to radon gas and radioactive compounds. Although there is insufficient evidence to support claims that genetic predisposition increase individuals vulnerability to developing lung cancer, the possibility cannot be totally ignored. Residents of air-polluted zones have contributed 1% of all lung cancer cases and clearly, cigarette smoking or passive smoking complicates the problem.   The US government has paid noteworthy attention to the increase of lung cancer deaths among Americans. According to the National cancer institute, 213,389 new cases of lung cancer cases have so far been reported and out of those cases, 160,390 deaths have occurred in 2007 alone.   The magnitude of cancer problem is profound leading the government to respond investing a handsome chunk of money to cancer research each year. The author of the article is a well-educated pathologist and she uses a lot of medical jargon in her article.   However, she makes efforts of clearly explaining important terms so that her audience can understand.   Her piece is well researched and developed giving it a smooth flow. She starts from the basics and develops the topics to complex aspects. For instance, definition of lung cancer, commonality of the disease, causes, types of cancer, signs and symptoms, how it is diagnosed, treatment options, prognosis and prevention. However, for a nonprofessional some of the content may be confusing or too technical to understand.   Although she does try to explain in simple language, it is possible to get lost in the maze of medical terminology and information overload.   The argument does seem logical, supported by statistics from reliable sources.   She also builds her article from previous medical researches and from her own professional experience. The author’s argument regarding smoking and its role in increasing risk of developing cancer among cancer prone population is well supported.   She mentions the various causal factors of lung cancer and relates them to smoking.   For instance, the fact that 12% of lung cancer deaths are attributable to radon gas exposure and concomitant smoking bringing the number to up to 15,000deaths per year. I believe this article is most appropriate to Melissa’s target audience because it rolls out facts supported by statistics which I think makes the article believable and reliable.   It is unlikely that an individual, who smokes or is exposed to the risk factors mentioned in the article, would take the recommendations lightly.   Moreover, after reading her article, misconceptions about passive smoking are cleared.   The word that evoked a strong response in me is prognosis of lung cancer. Prognosis of lung cancer refers to the chance of recovery from lung cancer.   Melissa sheds light on the possibility of recovery among lung cancer patients.   She submits that recovery is dependant on the localization and size of tumor type of cancer and overall health status of the patient.   This gets me thinking because; I always thought cancer was the same. She fills in the readers on the two types of lung cancers, which are the i.e. small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC is the most aggressive and survival time ranges from about 4 to 6 months after diagnosis, if untreated.   However, the SCLC is the most responsive to radiation and chemotherapy.   At this point, I feel enlightened.   Further, she points out treatments like surgical removal of tumors and local chemotherapy as the most effective treatment. Although there is, only 5%-10% chances of survival if lung cancer is untreated, good treatment can prolong cancer patient with SCLC types of lung cancer, to up to 5 times more than the untreated cases. Overall I think the article is well researched and accurate and gives a clear take home message i.e. prevention is better than cure since prognosis of lung cancer is poor compared to other cancers.   Thus, smokers and passive smokers are best advised to avoid cigarette in order to minimize susceptibility to lung cancer. References Conrad M. S ed. Marks, J.W. Lung Cancer. Available at http://www.medicinenet.com/lung_cancer/page7.htm Accessed on September 18, 2007 .

The Apartheid Has Not Have Happened - 1508 Words

In this essay, I will be discussing how I side with those that believe the music in the film would not have been produced if the apartheid had not have happened. The main issues that I will discuss is this essay is the reasoning that brought me to my position on this issue. I will also explain the apartheid system, give examples of the resistance movement, examine similarities to other protests music, and summarize the key points of the documentary. The apartheid was formed in 1948 when the National Party established segregation laws in South Africa. During my viewing of the film, I noted the following items on the apartheid. The apartheid made the African people alienated, they even had to leave their homes and were forced to separate†¦show more content†¦In the movie, music is present throughout the whole struggle of the apartheid. In one song, I noticed a concept we discussed at length in class, both in lecture and discussion. This concept is timbre, it is defined as th e distinct way an instrument or voice sounds. The man had a distinct voice that when he sung it was more like he was talking and speaking his message which was freedom or death. Throughout the documentary the sense of unity of the people and community is one of the clearest points of significance. All the South African people sang together in unity, not only to show resistance to the apartheid throughout protests but also to show strength as a group. In another scene, we see a family singing to a rhythm and stomping to the bass line, while a man talks over them. N Kosi is the people’s anthem, God Bless Africa, it was beautiful to watch them all sing this song together, This song is a prayer song and rather not revolutionary. When typing this I went back through my notes and found that I and written Serefina=the lords prayer song. When googling this, I came upon a video called Serfina, the motion picture featuring Whoopi Goldberg. I recall watching a part of this in class, wh ich brings me to another point, that with research on such a topic as the apartheid we can connect this documentary to our class in many ways. These freedom songs, shown in the film invoke a sense of pride in the people. During such

The Peace Symbol Beginnings and Evolution

There are many symbols of peace: the olive branch, the dove, a broken rifle, a white poppy or rose, the V sign. But the peace symbol is one of the most recognized symbols around the world and the one most used during marches and in protests. Birth of the Peace Symbol Its history begins in Britain, where it was designed by graphic artist Gerald Holtom in February  1958 to be used as a symbol against nuclear arms. The peace symbol debuted on April 4, 1958, Easter weekend that year, at a rally of the Direct Action Committee Against Nuclear War,  which included a march  from London to Aldermaston. The marchers carried 500 of Holtoms peace symbols on sticks, with half of the signs black on a white background and the other half white on a green background. In Britain, the symbol became the emblem for the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, thus causing the design to become synonymous with that Cold War cause. Interestingly, Holtom was a conscientious objector during World War II and thus a likely supporter of its message.   The Design Holtom drew a very simple design, a circle with three lines inside. The lines inside the circle represent the simplified positions of two semaphore letters — the system of using flags to send information great distances, such as from ship to ship). The letters N and D were used to represent nuclear disarmament. The N is formed by a person holding a flag in each hand and then pointing them toward the ground at a 45-degree angle. The D is formed by holding one flag straight down and one straight up. Crossing the Atlantic An ally of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Bayard Rustin, was a participant in the London-to-Aldermaston march  in 1958. Apparently impressed with the power of the peace symbol in political demonstrations, he brought the peace symbol to the United States, and it was first used in civil rights marches and demonstrations of the early 1960s. By the late 60s, it was showing up in demonstrations and marches against the burgeoning war in Vietnam. It began to be ubiquitous, making an appearance on T-shirts, coffee mugs and the like, during this period of antiwar protest. The symbol became so linked with the antiwar movement that it has now become an iconic symbol for the entire era, an analog of the late 1960s and early 70s. A Symbol That Speaks All Languages The peace symbol has gained international stature — speaking all languages —  and has been found around the world wherever freedom and peace are threatened: on the Berlin Wall, in Sarajevo, and in Prague in 1968, when Soviet tanks made a show of force in what was then Czechoslovakia. Free to All The peace symbol was intentionally never copyrighted, so anyone in the world can use it for any purpose, in any medium, for free. Its message is timeless and available to all who want to use it to make their point for peace.

My Personality Of A Olive Tree - 1133 Words

You are what you eat so I guess that makes me an olive! You may not know it, but 16 olives count as one portion towards your five daily portions of fruit. I eat olives every chance I get in there final juicy salty state. Sometimes I eat a whole jar at a time. However, olives do not start out like their finished state. They have three main stages of development and take a long time to mature. Like an olive, I change as I mature and hope to become a succulent fruit in my early adulthood. I may not originate from the Mediterranean, but I do come in many colors; my personality of course. Olives come in a few variations of colors and tastes from green to black. The color of the olive varies on the maturity of that particular olive; the darker the olive, the riper and more mature it was when it was picked from the olive tree. Symbolically parallel to my personality while growing up. An olive picked from a tree prematurely is green or light brown in color. The book the Color of Psychology by Judy Scott-Kemmis states that the color green represents the â€Å"perfect equipoise between the head and the heart.† Green also symbolizes maturation and growth. Both definitions of the color green ideally embody how I grew into who I am today. As a young child, I was innocent and born with a natural balance between head and heart. While other children ran off to do dangerous activities like skateboarding, I would pause and think about my personal safety before engaging in anShow MoreRelated Oliver Twist - Name Etymology Essays748 Words   |  3 Pagesoliva quot;olive treequot;. The olive tree also symbolises longevity and hope, and the olive tree is renowned eternal. It is also a symbol of peace and reconciliation, the branch of the olive tree is chosen by God to mean to Noà © (Noah) that the Flood is finished and that the diminution begins, symbol of the forgiveness. Also symbolising of victory, the olive tree is a present loaded with a gratifying meaning during the Olympic Games in Athens. Crown of olive tree and jars of olive oil are so offeredRead MoreThe At Me And Smiles1709 Words   |  7 Pagesthey don’t see eye to eye on certain projects or writers. When it’s my turn to talk, I make an effort to be diplomatic in my criticisms. And when done, Thom gazes at me and smiles. He’s forced to leave for an important call and our meeting is finished. Sarah stops to speak with Keri while I walk back to my office. I’m bewildered by the friction between her and Thom. The last thing I need to witness. When I reach her office, I grab my purse. I tell Megan, â€Å"I’ll be home if anybody needs me. See you laterRead MoreThe Statue Of Zeus At Olympia1242 Words   |  5 PagesThe work shows the thinking and beliefs of the Greeks in that time period. It shows us what our ancestors believed in and how our religions and traditions came about. Not only it shows how our beliefs came about, it shows how our hospitality and personalities grew. All of it grew from the simple belief in gods that gave the Greeks something to look up to. I find the statue very meaningful and that it not only helped out mentally but physically. It started the Olympics and just gave the Greeks somethingRead MoreAncient History And Biography : A Week On The Concord And Merrimack Rivers1215 Words   |  5 Pagesthe world and attempt to provide answers for unanswerable questions. Since the technology and science available today did not exist at the time, humans came up with these stories. They created a set of gods and goddesses who they assigned unique personalities, traits and duties. They managed to come up with stories about love, affairs, jealousy and honor. Unlike other religions, the Greek managed to give these gods a lot of human traits. Although Greek mythology can sound ceaselessly entertaining andRead MoreFoils for Odysseus1448 Words   |  6 Pagesreaders the traits that Odysseus holds and how it builds his character development and even those who are foils to him. Odysseus’ own son, Trojan War companions, and wife c reate the man that is called Odysseus, highlighting the various facets of his personality throughout the epic. Odysseus’ son Telemachos matured since the very first book of the Odyssey, becoming more self-confident in his capabilities, more powerful in the speeches he makes, and more importantly, more determined to rule the kingdomRead MoreDivine intervention dealing with Greek myths, especially The Odyssey and The Iliad.1474 Words   |  6 Pagesinvolved goddess who, in both the Iliad and the Odyssey, assumes divine leadership and challenges even Zeus himself. In The Odyssey and other Greek myths, Athena is an essential character and contributes many elements of her complex mythological personality to Greek writing. Athena is one of the most important goddesses in Greek mythology. In Roman mythology she became identified with the goddess Minerva. Also known as Pallas Athena. Athena sprang full-grown and armored from the forehead of the godRead MoreSocial Identity vs Personal Identity2070 Words   |  9 PagesIn this paper I will discuss the differences and similarities between the two using three texts from June Jordan, Tim Wise, and Avery Gordon as well as give you my personal opinion about the topic. Social identity, in my opinion, is a bad thing as a whole because it doesnt take into account the experiences that any one person has, it just lumps them together. There are many factors that one needs to take into account when discussing these topics and I will try to explain them as best as I can.Read MoreChristmas : My Favorite Time Of The Year1660 Words   |  7 PagesChristmas in Toronto was my favorite time of the year. The night sky was always illuminated by lit windows of skyscraper off ices and the blindingly bright lights of hotel signs, but during the holidays the festive displays are unmatched. Bright red poinsettias cover every inch of the Centennial Park Conservatory, the bridges of the Waterfront, lined with thousands of kaleidoscopic LED lights, and of course the radiance of the Christmas Tree in Nathan Phillips Square, producing a city of colored spectacleRead MoreHumankind in The Three Forster Short Stories Essay1370 Words   |  6 Pagesinside the machines to fix them because only they could fit. Not to mention the pollution view of it, which was, and still is destroying Forsters passion, nature. Has humankind lost its way? Clearly in Forsters eyes he thinks so. For my coursework essay I am going to discuss Forsters view of humankind and its place in nature. In each of the stories there is an aspect of nature. We can treat this as the simplest fact. However if we take it one-step further we can sayRead More Nature vs. Nurture: Leaning Towards the Nurture Theory Essay2121 Words   |  9 Pages(Powell, 2010). Researchers all over the world attempt to prove that genetics is the sole explanation of a child’s intelligence and personality. Human DNA determines traits such as eye color, nose shape, and hair color. While a child’s DNA can determine his or her risk of Down Syndrome, heart disease, or cancer; there is not significant proof of DNA determining personality traits (Heredity, 2011). The nurture side of the argument refers to a child’s upbringing. This includes where and how the child

Christianity- Sexual Ethics Free Essays

Sexuality is important in the lives of all Christian adherents and it is for this reason that Christianity offers many explicit instructions on sexual intercourse and sexual behaviours, such as when, where and with whom sexual expression is permitted. Guidance for the expression of sexuality is sourced in the Christian sacred texts the New Testament and the Hebrew scriptures and differs throughout the various Christian denominations. Christians are essentially encouraged to enjoy sexual relations within the confines of a loving, adult, heterosexual and married relationship, any other sexual behaviour in considered sinful. We will write a custom essay sample on Christianity- Sexual Ethics or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is why a man leaves his father and mother and joins himself to his wife, they become one body† (Genesis 2:24) The Christian teachings on sexual ethics from Christian sacred texts teach adherents that there is strictly to be no adultery; â€Å"You shall not commit adultery† (Exodus 20:14). Each Christian denomination teaches that divorce is a sin, â€Å"everyone who divorces his wife makes her commit adultery, whoever marries a divorced woman commits adultery† (Mt 5:31-32). Likewise, each denomination is also opposed to remarriage, viewing it as betraying God’s wish; â€Å"whoever divorces his wife and marries another commits adultery† (Mk 10:12). Each Christian denomination teaches that unfaithfulness is not permitted within the Christian Church and is a great sin against God, teaching Christians to ‘love your wife just as Jesus loved the church’ (Ephesians 5:31-2). Adultery in all forms is seen as an immoral sin from all denominations. The Christian teaching on premarital sexuality differs between Christian denominations. The Catholic Church and Orthodox Churches emphasise chastity as essential, stating that there should be no sexual activity outside or before marriage, however the both churches acknowledge human mistake and view chastity as a gradual process. Evangelistic Protestant Churches have a strict no sex before or outside marriage view, whilst mainline Protestant Churches state that marriage is the ideal location for sexual activity, however accept the individual’s own decision as to their sexual whereabouts. Homosexuality is rejected throughout all Christian denominations aside from mainline Protestant Churches, due to Biblical instruction of natural law; men and women were intended for each other in hopes for children; â€Å"Men, leaving natural use of woman, burned in their lust toward one another; men with men† (Romans 1:26-27). Mainline Protestant Churches accept the medical opinion and reasoning for homosexuality, viewing that people cannot help being homosexual, as it is something they are simply born into. Mainline Protestant Churches permit a loving, committed and faithful homosexual relationship. Contraception is another highly controversial matter throughout the Christian Church regarding sexual activity. All Christian denominations permit contraception as a way of regulating the number of children and space between births, except for the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church has strict teachings that all unnatural forms of contraception are impermissible, based on natural law. Catholics view sex and fertility as a part of nature and view it as wrong to unnaturally prevent the conceiving and life of a new human being, and thus, even within a marriage, unnatural products such as condoms and the pill are not allowed. However, the Catholic Church does permit natural methods of birth control such as rhythm control and allows for unnatural contraception to be used to treat sexual medical conditions only. Each Christian denomination teaches that within a marriage, sexual intercourse should be participated in for a healthy and enjoyable lifestyle for a loving and committed couple; ‘two people become one flesh, so they are no longer two but one’ (Genesis 2:24). The Church teaches that sexual activity should always lead to new life and hopes for children, otherwise it is viewed as selfish; ‘be fruitful and increase in number’ (Genesis 1:28). Inside a marriage is seen by all denominations as the desirable place for sex where children can be raised. God created sexual intercourse to unite an individual with their partner in Holiness. How to cite Christianity- Sexual Ethics, Essay examples

Cross Cultural and Strategic Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Cross Cultural and Strategic Management. Answer: Introduction: This report discusses the difference of management style in different countries in the world. Due to globalization, the organizations have got the scope for operating in various countries, manufacture their products in one country and exporting them in another market. Sometimes the companies operate from their headquarters located in different country but regulate their market located in different region (Knight et al. 2015). In doing this, they face various issues regarding the methods of management. Multiculturalism is the reason why the management needs to have a prodigious knowledge about the cross cultural management strategies so that the they can understand the expectation of the employees with different set of values and responses and act accordingly to utilize their manpower in a best possible manner. The news article namely Business Mentor: How Cultural Differences Affect Doing Business published in July 2017, reveals the fact that different culture of different country can affect the business and regulate the organizational culture in that place (News.abs-cbn.com 2018). As the reporter of this article Armando Bartolome has discussed that globalisation and technological advancement have greatly changed the connectivity and communication among the organisations operating in different countries. This articles originally describes the global acceptability of various factors which distinguish one organisational culture from another. The organisations which functions in a multicultural environment need to know some most important factors for effectively motivate the employees as well as business associates. Differences in leadership styles: This article discloses the fact that business management style varies from country to country. One management style that is effective in the European countries may not be effective in the Asian organization. Management styles varies across countries due to the factors like political influence, economic ups and downs, level of mobility, technological progress and market globalization. Including all these, the corporate culture of that country, educational background and the technological availability (Kuratko 2016). With the progress of time, the conventional management style has changed. The management styles that were once used to be very effective to manage the local employees became outdated as the organizations started to function in the multicultural markets. In this aspect, the theory of cultural dimension by Hofstede can be discussed. According to this dimension, the organizational culture varies from country to country. It describes the effects of cross-cultural communication where the societys culture influences the values of its members. This values ultimately relate to their behaviors and this dimension uses a structure derived from factor analysis (Coviello 2015). The article reveals that the communication mode is different in different cultures. In some culture, the people are blunt hence loud whereas in other culture, the people are soft-spoken and use more indirect language to communicate with others. In some cultures, the employees directly take the first name of their bosses or other employees but in some culture the last names of the employees are the only way to address (Stahl et al. 2017). The most senior business partner sometimes is the person to take decision at a meeting hence the employees need to acknowledge their status as a sign of respect and leave a good impression. Different people in different culture have different views and values of time. Some culture follows times as a guideline to complete their tasks whereas others see time to be very important factor to follow. In business, most of the organizations value time as they need to deal with other business partners hence coming late for the meetings may leave negative impression to the business making others to feel that the authorities are least interested with the deal (Moore 2015). This article then gives some recommendation that the business in cross-cultural environment should follow to sustain in different market. They should identify how their business partners value time then begin the trade relationship. Here the author has described the importance of punctuality in the business dealings with the American companies which often cannot be followed by the Indian or Filipinos. Theory of cultural dimension: As described by Hofstede, there are six factors that regulate the attitudes and thought sit h employees in the organization which affect the regulations of the company to sustain in that environment. These are power distance index, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, long term orientation and indulgence. The style of management in China and other south-east Asian countries is different because the society here is more collectivist. The people accepts the power dimension of the managers. The people are accustomed with the hierarchical structure where the power is executed strictly without any reason (Mackenzie, Golembiewski and Rahim 2018). The lower degree of this index discloses the fact that the power hierarchy is not clearly established in the organization hence the employees can question their higher authorities easily. The European and north American countries have lower power index where the cross-cultural leaders need to apply different method of management. In the collectivist country like India, China, brazil and some African countries, enjoy tightly integrated relationships with their extended fails as well as other groups. Hence the management needs to work for the wellbeing of whole community rather than for any individual. The European countries are highly individualistic where individuals work only for their own achievements or their immediate family. In the uncertainty avoidance index this dimension captures the situation where the employees are ready to embrace any kind of unexpected situation and tolerate ambiguity than any other societies (Jiang, Gollan and Brooks 2015). The societies score higher in this index opt for more stiff guidelines, laws and rely on absolute truth. In such cases, the market entry mode such as joint ventures (JVs) or as a wholly owned subsidiaries (WOS) becomes difficult for the organizations. In the societies scoring ow in this index have fewer relations and the market environment remains more free fl owing. The westernized organizations are more masculine where the people are more achievement oriented and believe in assertiveness and rewards for success. In this kind of culture, the women are also very competitive but less emphatic than men as this are seen to be taboo in masculine culture societies. On the other hand, the feminist societies tend to care for others in the organization where the members believe in cooperation and modesty of life. For the multinational companies, it is more profitable when the employees are less indulgent in the luxurious life. This is the reason why the big MNCs like Walmart, Amazon and Nike have been shifting their manufacturing department to the south Asian countries more specifically to China where the society is more rigid and restrained hence the employees are more controlled in their lives and carry on their tasks very seriously. As discussed by Edward Hall, the human receptions of space are actually formed as well as patterned by their culture. In his theory of proxemics, the theorist has suggested that differing cultural framework for organizing space, which are internalized in people at an unconscious level, may lead to the serious failure of communications well as understanding in the cross-cultural setting (Gelfand et al. 2017). This theory basically revolves round four dimension- context, time, space and information. In the article, author has pointed out that there are different communication methods which makes the organization or culture soft spoken or loud. Hall has identified two levels of context cultures. In the high context culture the organizational messages are implicit but bears metaphors but in low context culture, the messages are simple and clear to understand. The people in high context culture, accept failure whereas in the low context culture people blame each other for failure. In high context culture, the amount of nonverbal communication is high, people bear inward reactions, strong bond among themselves and prefer to maintain a long-term orientation (Dalkir 2013). In low context culture, the focus is high and filed with verbal communication. The reaction of people is visible and prefer to maintain an open grouping pattern according to the need of situation. According to Hall, the factor of valuing time also has two differ aspect. In the monochronic action, the people do one thing at a time, concentrate on the immediate job and emphasis promptness of action. On the other hand, in polychronic action, the members of the organization can do many things at a time. These people are easily distracted and prefer to lend things. Unlike monochronic action, which thinks about the time to finish a job, polychronic action emphasizes in the quality of the task. Here, relationship is more important than time. The factors of space and information are also vital for the cross-cultural societies to follow. The low-territoriality allows for the sense of low ownership of space. For taking the organization to a summit of success the maintenance of information flow is one of the most necessary things (Bird and Mendenhall 2016). The slow information flow allows the mangers to plan carefully structured strategies but fast flow needs to have a quickly made strategy. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that the article by Armando Bartolome, provides general idea about the functionality of the managers, operating in the cross-cultural market. The cross cultural issues emerge when they need to maintain different employees from different cultural background hence different code of behavior and expectation. The report here analyses these issues discussed in the article from theoretical perspectives and provided insights to these issues to manage. References: Bird, A. and Mendenhall, M.E., 2016. From cross-cultural management to global leadership: Evolution and adaptation.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.115-126. Brewster, C., Houldsworth, E., Sparrow, P. and Vernon, G., 2016.International human resource management. Kogan Page Publishers. Coviello, N., 2015. Re-thinking research on born globals.Journal of International Business Studies,46(1), pp.17-26. Dalkir, K., 2013.Knowledge management in theory and practice. Routledge. Gelfand, M.J., Aycan, Z., Erez, M. and Leung, K., 2017. Cross-cultural industrial organizational psychology and organizational behavior: A hundred-year journey.Journal of Applied Psychology,102(3), p.514. Jiang, Z., Gollan, P.J. and Brooks, G., 2015. Moderation of doing and mastery orientations in relationships among justice, commitment, and trust: A cross-cultural perspective.Cross Cultural Management,22(1), pp.42-67. Knight, G., Liesch, P., Zhou, L. and Reuber, R. eds., 2015. Creation and Capture of Entrepreneurial Opportunities Across National Borders.Journal of International Business Studies. Kuratko, D.F., 2016.Entrepreneurship: Theory, process, and practice. Cengage Learning. Mackenzie, K.D., Golembiewski, R.T. and Rahim, M.A., 2018. Introduction. InCurrent Topics in Management(pp. 9-24). Routledge. Moore, F., 2015. Towards a complex view of culture: cross-cultural management,native categories, and their impact on concepts of management and organisation. InThe Routledge Companion to Cross-Cultural Management(pp. 69-77). Routledge. News.abs-cbn.com, A. (2018).Business Mentor: How Cultural Differences Affect Doing Business. [online] ABS-CBN News. Available at: https://news.abs-cbn.com/business/06/30/17/business-mentor-how-cultural-differences-affect-doing-business [Accessed 1 Apr. 2018]. Stahl, G.K., Miska, C., Lee, H.J. and De Luque, M.S., 2017. The upside of cultural differences: Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in cross-cultural management research.Cross Cultural Strategic Management,24(1), pp.2-12.

4 Questions That Will Make You Rage Quit

4 Questions That Will Make You Rage Quit You’ve had it. You can’t face another day at that office with those people. Maybe it’s not as clear-cut as wanting to strangle your boss or disagreeing with your company’s mission. Maybe you just feel bored,  or stressed, or  unhappy (or all 3!) without really pinpointing why.   Here are four questions  you should ask yourself when deciding if it’s time to cut bait and look for a new job.1. Is my work appreciated?What do you mean I need to work harder, I just missed Christmas Eve with my family to work on that report!Morale drops when employees feel like their work is not appreciated by the powers-that-be. A recent Gallup study of employee engagement (defined as feeling invested in your  job) showed that in 2014, less than one-third of people polled said they were â€Å"engaged† in their regular job. That’s up slightly from years past, but still- that’s an awful lot of people who don’t feel appreciated and motiv ated in their current roles.Many companies are trying to stem this by offering special employee appreciation events or give  bonuses/rewards for excellent work. However, if your boss doesn’t seem to notice or care that you’re working like crazy to support the company’s bottom line, take your skills and experience where they’ll be valued.2. What the heck am I doing here?I’d rather be doing literally anything else–even fighting bears.Purpose is a key motivator of workplace happiness and productivity. If you know your company’s goals and your role in moving those forward, chances are you’ll feel a focused connection to your day-to-day work. However, when those   goals get vague, it can be easy to get caught in a feedback loop of coasting.If you find yourself checking Instagram more than your work email, the culprit could be a lack of direction. The first step should be working with your manager to define priorities and goals- but if you do this and you still feel like most of your day is spent drifting through time-filler tasks and pointless meetings, it might just be time to move on.3. Am I Stuck in the Middle of Nowhere?I have no idea what I’m doing.It can be so demoralizing to realize you don’t have the tools and resources available to do a great job. Maybe your company is in a financial crunch and can’t hire new people. Perhaps your manager just doesn’t have the time or desire  to explain what needs to be done.I’ve worked in places where everyone is so caught up  in their own endless to-do lists that no one has the time to sit down and effectively plan, execute, and support a project that needed to be finished†¦ a week ago. Chances are, it’s not your fault- but it can feel like it’s on you to fix.Once you’re in a defensive crouch and feeling overwhelmed, it can be really difficult to a) evaluate the situation objectively, and b) ask for the resources you need. If you reach that point and you don’t see your workplace offering any solutions beyond a shrug and a â€Å"get it done,† then it’s definitely time to re-evaluate your future there.4. Is it all about the Benjamins?Not sure if I’m here because the money is good or if I’m here because some money is better than nothing.You’ve probably thought, â€Å"They don’t pay me enough to do this† during one frustrating moment or another. Or maybe you envy people skipping out to enjoy expensive lunches while you eat a PBJ at your desk. It’s always going to be tempting to go find a job that will pay you more than you make now, but it’s also a legitimate reason to be dissatisfied- and ultimately move on to another job.Let’s face it: a fairy godmother is not likely to pop into your life and offer you double your salary for the same job; but if you start to feel like you really are being undervalued in pay and/or benefits, then start looking around.  Ask yourself: What salary do people in roles similar to yours make in other companies? Have you made contributions to your team or company that might merit a raise, but have gone unrewarded? If you have reasonable pay expectations and your manager or company is unable (or unwilling) to accommodate that, then you should start thinking about your options.If you identify with any of these (or, goodness forbid, all), then it’s probably time to start putting out feelers in your network, and brushing up that resume. You deserve better!On mobile? Sign in here to view your job matches.